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Test Your Knowledge DEV

Hypercholesterolemia Resource Center Home Page
  1. Which of the following factors are likely to increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels?
  2. In individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who are at very high risk for adverse cardiovascular events, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels should be maintained below which of the following thresholds?
  3. Current guidelines recommend which of the following medications as the first-line pharmacological therapy for patients with hypercholesterolemia?
  4. A patient with diabetes mellitus and a history of injection site reactions has been unable to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets with ezetimibe and maximally tolerated statin therapy. Which of the following medications should be prescribed as an add-on therapy to further lower LDL-C levels?
  5. Moderate-intensity statins are recommended for primary prevention in which of the following groups of people living with HIV?

References

  1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Blood Cholesterol: Causes and Risk Factors. Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/blood- cholesterol/causes#:~:text=Lack%20of%20physical%20activity%20is,body%20to%20make%20 more%20cholesterol. Updated April 19, 2024. Accessed July 16, 2025.
  2. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2019; 140(11):e596-e646. Erratum in: Circulation 2019; 140(11):e649-e650. Erratum in: Circulation 2020; 141(4):e60. Erratum in: Circulation 2020; 141(16):e774.
  3. Gepner AD, Piper ME, Johnson HM, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on lipids and lipoproteins: outcomes from a randomized clinical trial. Am Heart J 2011; 161(1):145-51.
  4. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2019; 139(25):e1082-e1143. Erratum in: Circulation 2019; 139(25):e1182-e1186.
  5. Feingold KR. Guidelines for the Management of High Blood Cholesterol. [Updated 2025 Mar 27]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305897/.
  6. Faluk M, Wardhere A, Mohamoud A, Nor M, Bampastsias D, Oikonomou E, et al. Evolution of LDL-C lowering medications and their cardiovascular benefits: past, present, and future. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49(7):102637.
  7. Ballantyne CM, Laufs U, Ray KK, Leiter LA, Bays HE, Goldberg AC, et al. Bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination in patients with hypercholesterolemia and high CVD risk treated with maximally tolerated statin therapy. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27(6):593- 603.
  8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Panel for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Recommendations for the use of statin therapy as primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people with HIV. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-arv/statin- therapy-people-hiv. Updated September 12, 2024. Accessed June 25, 2025.
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