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A. Lower abdominal pain B. Hematuria C. Dysuria D. Leg edema

A. Cigarette smoking B. Exposure to aromatic amines C. Environmental pollution D. Pelvic radiation therapy

A. Radical cystectomy B. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) C. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), followed by intravesical chemotherapy D. Immunotherapy

A. Unifocal disease B. Tumor size > 1 cm C. High-grade cytology D. Hydronephrosis

A. Only if the initial resection was incomplete B. If the muscle layer was not present in the initial pathology specimen C. Only for large tumors D. All high-grade Ta tumors, even if the initial pathology specimen contains the muscle layer for an accurate diagnosis

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